Padfield

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Re: Padfield

Post by Padfield »

Thanks David. There's lots of lovely stuff around at the moment - and I expect you to come back from your Pyrenees trip with some of it!!

Back in my local woods, little change. All the iris cats are still doing fine. Kisāgotamī has stopped feeding and seems to be laying up for transition to 5th instar. The bright light this morning meant I could get decent photos of Rāhula, who is right up in the canopy:

Image

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I saw the same white-letter hairstreak cat as the other day. This shot shows the feeding pattern. It is taken without flash, from beneath the leaves:

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This next shot shows another white-letter hairstreak I spotted this morning higher up the same tree. It is taken with flash:

Image

Finally, one of my nearby camilla cats is definitely still alive, even though very young - not yet green:

Image

Image

Guy

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Re: Padfield

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In recent years, white-letter hairstreaks have been on the wane in my local woods. Some of the important elms have died and others have been cut down. It was therefore very reassuring to find five caterpillars on a single elm today. I hope it marks a turn-around.

Here is a natural shot from beneath of two cats:

Image

The branch was out of reach but by pulling other branches down I could get to it and take this slightly artificial photo of the same two cats:

Image

I have no idea whether they are aware of each other. I don't think they leave the same silk trails as emperors and admirals and they certainly move around a lot more.

Here are some more shots of white-letter hairstreak cats from below:

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Image

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Yes, that last one is distinctly paler and less easy to see. It is also a little smaller and I wonder if it is an instar earlier. I was able to pull the branch down and get closer photos of it:

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There is no question: these are very sexy caterpillars.

This picture shows the location. The illuminated leaves to the right of the track are the wych elm where all these caterpillars are. Whenever you pass an elm, look up into the leaves. Eventually you will see a hairstreak cat.

Image

Two of my purple emperor caterpillars, Gautama and Kisāgotamī, are now laid up for transition into the fifth and final instar:

Image
(Gautama)

Image
(Kisāgotamī)

Kisāgotamī is a day or two ahead of Gautama but timings are never exact. Typically, the fifth instar lasts 18 days, followed by a couple of days' preparation for pupation on the pupating leaf. Depending on the weather, the pupal stage lasts a couple of weeks or a little more. That suggests the first emperors should be on the wing by the last week of June.

The other purple emperor cats are still active 4th instar. Here are some of them:

Image
(Svapna)

Image
(Kanthaka)

Image
(Śuddhodana)

All six are still alive. I didn't get a picture of Rāhula because he was directly into the sun, but he was there.

The white admiral caterpillar I posted yesterday has fallen prey to a spider:

Image

I made a special effort to look for another in the same area, as I am keen to see a chrysalis this year and to check every day I need the caterpillar to be very local. I found this one:

Image

He is just 10 minutes from my house so I can check on him even on busy days.

Guy

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Re: Padfield

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I had very little time to check on my protégés today, with lots of IB invigilation. But I had to visit Gautama and Kisāgotamī, just to see if either had transitioned to 5th instar - neither had - so spent a few minutes standing under the elm again.

Unlike purple emperor cats, white-letter hairstreaks move around. One or two were in exactly the same place as yesterday but most had vacated yesterday's leaves and gone wandering. It probably isn't possible to keep track of individuals over a period of weeks as it is with the emperors.

The feeding damage is extensive and very obvious. Here is another shot from below, with two caterpillars in view (though you have to search a little to see them!):

Image

One is near the base of the entire leaf pointing vaguely to the upper right corner of the picture. The other, paler, is near the base of the lowest of the three terminal leaves of the left-hand cluster.

Guy

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Re: Padfield

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I had great difficulty deciding where to go this morning but in the end settled on the Rhône Valley. It's a late year so I will put off visits to Geneva and the Jura for a week.

Despite generally low numbers of most species it was an excellent day, with the tally passing 40 species (41, to be precise) for the first time this year. Many species were represented by single individuals and some were notably absent - marbled skipper and Provençal fritillary, for example. I've seen this latter species as early as April in some years. The full list was:

Swallowtail, scarce swallowtail, Apollo, small white, green-veined white, wood white, orange tip, black-veined white, clouded yellow, Berger's clouded yellow, brimstone, small copper, green hairstreak, common blue, Chapman's blue, Adonis blue, holly blue, green-underside blue, baton blue, little blue, Provençal short-tailed blue, Osiris blue, Swiss Zephyr blue, northern brown argus, Queen of Spain, pearl-bordered fritillary, Glanville fritillary, spotted fritillary, comma, red admiral, small tortoiseshell, Camberwell beauty, small heath, wall, large wall, speckled wood, de Prunner's ringlet, southern grizzled skipper, safflower skipper, olive skipper, dingy skipper.

Here are some piccies of some of them, beginning with a fresh, male large wall:

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This was my first black-veined white of the year:

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A few green hairstreaks are still about. At altitude they will fly well into July but in the valley they will be over much earlier:

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Wood white with a small white:

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A different wood white dancing with a green-veined white:

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This female Camberwell beauty is laden with eggs:

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I haven't posted a Queen of Spain for a while (a week or two, anyway):

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This next is a very curious skipper. It was about the size of armoricanus - certainly nowhere near as big as carthami - and very well marked on the upperside:

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Several features on the upperside resemble carthami. But the underside, when I was finally able to get a glimpse of it, was pure serratulae:

Image

At the time, I thought it must be an extraordinarily strongly marked serratulae. Then doubts crept in and I wondered if it was a small carthami with an anomalous underside. I saw a more typical serratulae later on the same walk.

Here is a genuine carthami from today:

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Here is a little blue:

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And here its bigger, bluer cousin, the Osiris blue:

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There were quite a lot of these creeping around on a muddy patch of grass ...

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... in the company of many other blues, including Adonis:

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This is a pair of Provençal short-tailed blues:

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My first northern brown arguses for the year were flying - and not looking that fresh really:

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Some scenery:

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The same scenery with dog:

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I got home quite late but immediately set out again to the woods to see if Kisāgotamī or Gautama had graduated into 5th instar yet. Both have been laid up for the last few days. Excitingly, Gautama has indeed made the grade:

Image

That picture was taken with flash, as it was getting dark.

Kisāgotamī is still laid up. She will probably ecdyse tomorrow:

Image

Yesterday I could find only five of my six purple emperor caterpillars. Rāhula had disappeared from the leaf cluster he has been feeding in for the last week or so. Tonight, by pure luck, I found him again, a few leaf clusters away. He is high in the tree so flash is of little benefit:

Image

So, all six of the 2016 cohort are still alive ...

Guy

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Re: Padfield

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I bumped into a group of four ramblers on my morning walk today. They asked tentatively if I was the one they had heard about who specialised in caterpillars and could sometimes be found wandering around in the woods! When I said yes, they wondered if they could see some - so after I had sworn them to secrecy I showed them Gautama, Kisāgotamī and Rāhula. Even with my finger pointing at the caterpillars, they found it almost impossible to see them!

Kisāgotamī has, as expected, shed her skin and is now regaled in the uniform of 5th instar, her outgrown hand-me-downs at her tail:

Image

Gautama, I'm happy to say, having entered 5th instar yesterday, has decided to stay on his 4th instar leaf, for the time being at least:

Image

Of the others, Svapna is probably 5th instar now. He had been immobile on the end of a leaf high up his tree for several days but has now moved to another leaf. I could only see his horn ...

Image

Kanthaka is definitely laid up for ecdysis into 5th instar:

Image

On the way home I checked out a betulae egg that I thought had failed to hatch. But now I wonder if it isn't just very tardy. On 26th April, before there were any leaves on the blackthorn, it looked like this:

Image

I wondered if the apparent damage meant nothing would come of it. But something seems to have grown in there. This is the same egg today:

Image

The head of the caterpillar is visible. Will it be able to break out? We will see ...

Guy

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Re: Padfield

Post by Cotswold Cockney »

More interesting pictures Guy. Thanks.

In my limited experience with captive bred over wintering eggs in captivity, the little larva is soon fully formed within the protective eggshell and stays safely there until the Spring with warmer temperatures and fresh plant growth.

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Re: Padfield

Post by Padfield »

So he's been sitting in there fully formed all winter then. Something has changed in the last few weeks - so it will be interesting to see if he emerges. I didn't check today as it was pouring with rain all day (and snow on the higher ground, as low as Villars, where I work).

I forgot to post this video of a small tortoiseshell caterpillar feeding yesterday:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=36q6snrq_OM[/video]

Guy

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Re: Padfield

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Another grey morning. You can see snow on the hills - freshly fallen in the last few days:

Image

Little change in the woods. I keep my daily watch on the emperor cats, like a doting mother. Just one, Śuddhodana, is no longer traceable. He was always quite mobile and I have a feeling he has zoomed up the tree. I have almost no chance of seeing him again, given the density of leaves on his particular sallow. The others are all near where they have spent the whole of 2016 so far.

Kisāgotamī was on the move, but only around the local leaves. This is probably the best time of her life. I suspect she is really a he, and once an adult will spend a week or two in violent competition and unromantic sex, then die. But for the moment she/he just wanders around her leafy paradise in peace, eating her heart out and listening to the birdsong.

Image

Image

A short video of her. I think she became aware of me and stopped ...

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wd7zLH0-Vsk[/video]

Guy

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Re: Padfield

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Sunny on my morning walk; mostly cloudy and rainy the rest of the day.

White-letter hairstreak caterpillars were on the move. They are in different places every day and I always have to relocate them. I'm hoping that before long they will settle down in a chosen spot, tailor a leaf to their requirements, then pupate.

They travel along twigs and branches on the lower side, so they are in the shade and not visible. This picture distorts this as I used flash from beneath. Had I not done so, it would have been very difficult to see the caterpillar:

Image

The ridged back mimics the serrations of the elm leaves:

Image

Image

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The brown hairstreak egg I posted the other day has continued to develop. This very poor photo shows, I think, the head of the caterpillar, not a gaping hole - but I am not certain of that. I was in a hurry, having to get back into school for exam invigilations, and couldn't get a better shot. After school it was pouring with rain and though I tried, I could not do any better:

Image

In previous years, brown hairstreak eggs I have followed have hatched in April - or so I thought. I have often quoted the figure of 50% not hatching and maintained it matched my own experience. But perhaps 50% just hatch much later.

Finally, here is Kanthaka. He should graduate into 5th instar tomorrow. The others are all doing fine.

Image

Guy

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Re: Padfield

Post by kevling »

Hi Guy,

Catching up on your diary. From 21/5/16, I love the Large Wall. The colour shadings on it are superb. The same goes for the Black Veined White. I find this a very underrated butterfly. I love seeing them when I visit the alpine regions. Such simple elegance.

Regards Kev

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Re: Padfield

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I agree with you, Kev. I think the black-veined white is a masterpiece of design. The black, wire frame, extended into the legs, antennae and proboscis - really elegant.

Mixture of sun and (mostly) cloud today. But it was quite warm and a few things flew even when it was overcast. Here is my first sooty copper of the year - a female, who has felt the evil of the strimmer, I think. I hate strimmers. Traditional scything gives larvae, pupae and adults a chance. Strimmers turn everything into paté. I think this young lady got off lightly.

Image

Luckily, they don't strim the sallows (though they do cut them down, rather too regularly).

Image

Be honest - you knew there was a purple emperor caterpillar in that picture but it took a second or two to see it ...

The brown hairstreak egg looked much as yesterday. I still think this is a caterpillar head, not a hole, because I took the picture with flash (it is in a shady part of the bush) and usually this lights up the inside a little when the egg is empty.

Image

Image

Guy

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Re: Padfield

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I finished teaching at midday today and it was sunny, so I decided to stay up the mountain (after picking up Minnie) and catch up on some of our local specialities. First, we cycled over to where I used to live, for meadow fritillaries and woodland ringlets. Meadow fritillaries were abundant but there were no woodland ringlets at all, a little worryingly. I hope they are just very late this year. This is a declining species in many parts of Switzerland.

Here is a female red-underwing skipper from those meadows, on the foodplant:

Image

She was doubtless laying, but I had very little time - this was a whistlestop visit before catching the train up to my violet copper sites.

In early years, violet coppers fly from the end of April. This year, there was still abundant snow at that altitude - much of it blocking my path:

Image

The aconite-leaved buttercups were not in flower and the vegetation was very low - the bistort was still small-leaved. But I did find a handful of male violet coppers, all absolutely pristine. These shots are probably the same individual:

Image

Image

Image

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As you can see in those last couple of pictures, the clouds were rapidly gathering, and indeed it started raining before we left the site.

This is what Minnie looked like after her wetland hunting:

Image

We then cycled all the way down to the valley to buy bike equipment for tomorrow's trip to large copper country. I get through brakes in particular at an alarming rate ...

Guy

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Re: Padfield

Post by Pauline »

An absolutely stunning butterfly Guy. I have often thought that if one was to conjure up a butterfly in ones imagination, however bizarre or colourful, it would exist somewhere. The species you see are amazing (but the last shot is the best :wink: )

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Re: Padfield

Post by Wurzel »

Wow! That species has it all Guy - I think it's just replaced Chequered Blue as my 'most wanted' :D 8)

Have a goodun

Wurzel

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Thanks, Pauline and Wurzel. When I bumped into my first violet copper by chance, about 20 years ago, it wasn't even on my wanted list - rather, my probably-never-see list. Things have changed.

Yesterday we went west, trying to take advantage of the one possibly reasonable day of the weekend. In fact, I have a long weekend, but Monday is not looking like a butterfly day and today definitely is not. So yesterday it was.

The target speceis were black hairstreak, large copper and Reverdin's blue. The site is about an hour's cycle ride from Geneva and we didn't get there until after 10h00 - no point in getting up too early when the forecast was a little grim. This is what it was like when we arrived:

Image

I've forgotten what that flower is - will have to look it up.

Things sort of improved, with occasional 30 sec. sunny windows, when things flew, but no hairstreaks or large coppers (only small and sooty). I looked for the latter at roost in the grass but without much hope. Meadow, heath and Glanvilled fritillaries flew when they could and small heaths flew all the time. It's difficult to tell if the lack of hairstreaks and coppers was because of the wether or if it is just a late season this year. I was there at exactly the same time last year (a day later, but this is a leap year) and both species were well on the wing. But it is a late year, so might well be that. Instead of Reverdin's, I saw my first silver-studded blue of the year.

Image

At one point, the weather looked good:

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Then it all changed again.

Moving on to another site for black hairstreak and large copper, I found the same thing: small coppers, sooty coppers, lots of fritillaries, but none of the target species. The marsh fritillaries were so fresh and bright they caught my eye every time they flew - but you can't string a marsh fritillary into a large copper!

Image

This is a Glanville fritillary from the same site:

Image

On the way to the third site I took a detour to explore a bit. Then, it was sunny - but the only things I found were abundant beautiful demoiselles:

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(female)

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(male)

We cycled through several villages where the annual Fête du Vin was happening (just like last year) and the streets were milling with hundreds of slightly tipsy pedestrians, some even wandering between villages (some wondering if they had had a little too much when a dog in a backpack cycled slowly past). I noticed they were all clutching glass wine glasses and reflected how unlikely that would be at a similar do in England. Much more ecological than plastic glasses, providing people don't smash them.

Finally, at my last site, and just before I was about to leave, I found a male Reverdin's blue. We were in a nature reserve where dogs are strictly not allowed, even on leads, so Minnie was in her backpack. The blue landed on my shoe. It must have been a strange sight - a man with a dog on his back trying to photograph his shoe ...

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Fortunately, it moved onto my frontpack, which was on the ground, and though MInnie must have been sticking out at a funny angle, I got a shot or two:

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Walking back, we found a female:

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This brown argus was from the same site:

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Orange tips are still flying. This female looks as if her right forewing is behind the hindwing but it is an illusion, caused by strong back light. She was in good condition.

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Here is a late spider orchid:

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We then cycled back to Geneva, having completed a round trip of over 30 km (not counting the 10km downhill at the beginning), so Minnie had a good day in the backpack and I got a lot of exercise.

Guy

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Re: Padfield

Post by Padfield »

As forecast, rain all day today.

It gets harder to keep track of the iris cats when they enter 5th instar. Having completely trashed their leaf clusters in their 3rd and 4th instars, they often go walkies. Kisāgotamī had moved some 60 cm to reach where she is now, in a nice, fresh cluster:

Image

Gautama was nowhere to be seen. He might have been gobbled up by something or more probably just hidden away in a new leaf cluster, perhaps metres from where he used to be. His tree is lush and thick with leaves.

It took me ages to find Rāhula, even though he turned out to be exactly where he was roosting the day before yesterday, before he went off for a snack. I was wrong about his instar then. It turns out, as I previously thought, he was still 4th instar, as today he was clearly laid up for ecdysis:

Image

I say, 'clearly' - but he is high up the tree and I can't really say for certain.

Elsewhere, Kanthaka is now 5th instar:

Image

Whatever happens, we are now nearing the end of this larval saga. Kisāgotamī and Gautama (if he is still alive) have at most 10 days left as feeding caterpillars. The others, at most 18 days. All are approaching 10 months old.

Guy

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Re: Padfield

Post by Padfield »

Another largely gloomy and wet day. In the afternoon I took a friend on a tour of the remaining iris cats. She has wanted to see them for ages and soon, of course, whatever happens, it will not be possible.

We found all four of them, though it took me a long time to locate Kanthaka and Kisāgotamī. Strangely, the easiest to spot was Svapna, who is high up a tree, roaming around and always on the far side of the leaf. He was tucking into a meal:

Image

Kisāgotamī was hiding in plain sight. She had moved yet again, just to challenge me, and though she was right out in the open it was indeed a challenge:

Image

Once you see her you can't not see her but before you see her it just looks like a whole lot of leaves! You can see part of her old, demolished leaf cluster at the bottom right of the picture.

Rāhula was equally well concealed and equally out in the open:

Image

If you can't spot him in that picture, here's a shot on full zoom (he's also high up a tree):

Image

He is laid up for ecdysis.

For completeness, here's Kanthaka:

Image

He is more conspicuous because I used flash for that photo. In fact, I searched his sapling in vain for several minutes before spotting him.

In a brief sunny spell, Dukes, whites, a grizzled skipper and my first chequered skipper of the year all flew:

Image

Image
(this is malvae, not malvoides)

Image

My friend went home happy with the haul!

Guy

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Re: Padfield

Post by bugboy »

It will never cease to amaze me how well camouflaged these wonderful critters are :)

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Re: Padfield

Post by MikeOxon »

Padfield wrote:Another largely gloomy and wet day.
You seem to have exported your weather here, too :( We have a rather bedraggled family of newly-emerged Great Tits in the garden, looking none too impressed by their introduction to the world!

Your friend should be well pleased. I find it fascinating to see how the cats seem to match the curves of their bodies to the edges of the leaves. As you say; difficult to spot at first, and then relatively easy, but how many predators can afford the luxury of a long hard look?

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Pete Eeles
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Re: Padfield

Post by Pete Eeles »

iris cats are superbly camouflaged, aren't they?! Even in captivity, I find them hard to locate!

Your Chequered Skipper looks so different from those found in Scotland; I wonder if this species (if it had a continuous distribution) exhibits a cline, in much the same way that Speckled Wood do, where those found further south are more orange in colour. I'm not sure if anyone has ever pointed that out before, and something I might well look into.

Cheers,

- Pete

Diary entries for 2016 have been archived. If there are missing images in this post, then they can be found in this archive if one exists. All archives can be found here.
Life Cycles of British & Irish Butterflies: http://www.butterflylifecycles.com
British & Irish Butterflies Rarities: http://www.butterflyrarities.com
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